2015年12月26日 星期六

《From A to X》John Berger

不,愛妲,我已經忘了。我英文講得很好是在布宜諾斯艾利斯的時候,那是很久以前的事了。不過無論如何,我的確讓他里加的朋友笑了,他一次又一次,求我表演給他們看。


你在那裡待了很久嗎?

一直到他被暗殺。

暗殺!

我在游泳池等他,妮寧哈說,然後我聽到槍聲。我一直等,一直等,他一直沒出現。

然後?

我離開了。我只在那裡待了五天。

知道是誰殺了他嗎?

不知道。

我忽然對她火冒三丈,我控制不了自己。我對她大吼,我想我罵了她婊子。看得出來她一臉茫然。我知道我不太公平,但我無法控制怒氣。我開始搖她,用我的雙手用力搖她。我不是氣她做了什麼或沒做什麼,或是她和那個俄國人在里加飯店的行為,那是她自己的事。我氣的是她沒說的那些事,氣她的沈默。是那些沈默激怒了我。守口如瓶是美德,這毋庸置疑,而且常常是絕對必要的美德。但妮寧哈的沈默是源自於絕望。

她漸漸相信,人生是一場意外,不是誰故意要它發生。這樣想,比較容易保持緘默,比較容易收拾殘局,把剩下的部份胡亂拼湊一下,然後對其他部份不發一語,不發一語。不發一語!不發一語!

她掙開我,沒說半句話,甩門就走。我走到外面樓梯間,坐在最上面那階。她已經消失無蹤。我可以聽到桉樹在風中沙沙作響的聲音。我問自己為什麼會突然暴怒,是因為我懷疑自己也漸漸相信人生就是一場沒有人故意要它發生的意外嗎?我坐在那裡啜泣;為自己感到羞愧悲哀。


*
也許在時間的陰暗皺摺裡什麼都沒有,只有我們手指的默默撫觸。

2015年12月21日 星期一

《幸福的征途》Bertrand Russell

生命中只有競爭,實在太殘酷、太頑強、太多的咬緊牙關、太多的苦心孤詣,以至於無法建立生命延續的基礎,最多只能延續一兩代。一兩代之後,它只會製造精神衰退,不同種類的逃避症狀,以及追求像工作一樣緊繃、一樣困難的樂趣(因為放鬆已成為不可能的事),最終所有此類的人都消失殆盡,因為已無能再製造新的生命。競爭觀不但毒害了工作,也毒害了休閒。那種安靜且可紓緩神經的休閒讓人覺得無趣。競爭的腳步越來越快,最終只有藥物和徹底的崩解才能結束這局面。治療的方法是:承認合理和安靜的享受,是生命理想平衡的一部分。


人生有中年,也有老年。二十歲的年輕人認為人生三十就結束。我現在五十八歲了,可不能那麼想。也許揮霍掉一個人的生命和花掉一個人的財產同樣不明智。也許無聊本就是生命無可避免的一部分。想要擺脫無聊是很正常的,任誰如果有機會都想擺脫。當美洲原住民第一次從白人那邊嚐到酒的味道時,他們發現終於有個辦法可以擺脫古來的單調,除非政府干涉,他們會喝到爛醉如泥。戰爭、屠殺、迫害都是人想出來擺脫無聊的方式,就連和鄰居爭吵也比什麼都沒有好。對於道德家來說,無聊是很重要的問題,因為人類一半的罪惡都是從害怕無聊而起。

2015年12月8日 星期二

《國宴與家宴》王宣一

母親過世後出殯那天,我們並未依習俗到廟裡擺素席,而是所有臨終時陪在她身邊的子孫們,聯手做了一場家宴,將母親宴席中常見的菜餚一一做出來,和阿姨、姨父及表哥等家人,大家坐在家裡的餐桌上一邊聊天,回憶父母親的種種,一邊吃菜喝酒。那天,酒量稱得上都還不錯的我們,幾乎都有些醉了,但我們談笑如常,就像她的菜色,所有深沈的悲痛,都像那只不起眼的茄子,深藏不露,以家常的姿態呈現出來。可是我們都知道,母親風華一時的國宴家宴隨著她的故去,再也不會原味重現。

《酩酊》Caroline Knapp

山姆是很好的酒友,因為他酒量很大但不喝醉。他能和你一杯杯拼酒,若你想多喝,他絕不阻止,但他從不喝醉。他在你喝醉時,總能負起照顧你的責任送你回家。他是很好的酒友,因為他總是遲到;這意味著當我們下班後在酒吧見面,在他抵達前,我能先喝一兩杯。在輕啜著酒的同事我覺得煩惱消散,我開始自覺高貴、平靜而有安全感。一名漂亮年輕女人坐在靠窗桌邊,一邊吃酒食一邊等她朋友。

我們一起喝酒時,我的時間感會改變。山姆來以後,頭二三十分鐘我們會略感不自然,時間彷彿過得很慢,但一旦我們開始縱酒暢談,你知道,兩三個小時一會兒就過去,我們談家庭、談心理治療、談工作、無所不談,我覺得自在極了,我們是真正地在一起,真正地彼此訴說、傾聽。

我愛那些時刻,彷彿這世界只剩下基本元素:我、山姆、和桌上的兩杯酒,其他一切都只是背景音樂。喝酒是我知道的最好的溝通情感方式,不但最好,而且最快、最簡單。這種感覺很舒服,我變成一個隨和、強壯的人,彷彿從裡到外受到一層溫暖酒盔甲的保護。

毫無疑問,這感覺是酒帶來的。多年前我從看我爸爸喝馬丁尼,便知道酒有這種功效;多年後,我在像麗池這般地方學習將自己投入同樣的神秘,將自己倒入酒吧,將我的情緒倒在他人身上,將我所有積鬱都傾瀉出。令人驚異的是酒之有效,酒之能輕易開啓你的幸福感,酒之神奇 - 神奇!酒瓶打開,橋便出現。

著可能是酒對酒鬼最深入、最普遍的一項吸引。酒能產生一種與他人的連結感,酒能痲痹社會焦慮、稀釋孤立感,給你一種接近世界的感覺。你困在自己皮膚和思想裡,你喝酒,你獲得釋放,就是這樣。一杯酒,橋 - 在清醒的敏感狀態裡不易捕捉到的橋 - 便出現,等你來度。

2015年11月20日 星期五

《模範青年》阿乙

模範青年

他的長相也會輕微灼傷我們。我們會從他細嫩的皮膚、倒三角的肩背想到我們很少涉及的牛肉和牛奶。他有一管高挺的鼻子,燈光在鼻尖和唇角一塊製造出美術般神秘的陰影,使他看起來像古希臘雕塑。他既不抽煙,也不喝酒,無論怎麼撩撥,都保持一種不得罪人的微笑。我們決定以後再不找他了。

閣樓

可是,孩兒一過哺乳期,朱丹又呆滯起來。不但呆滯,還加了驚恐。有時坐著坐著,突然中蠱,摀著胸大口喘氣,額頭出許多汗。“丹丹你怎麼了?“ 朱丹卻是站起,抓過包要走。“你去幹什麼?”母親問。

“回家。”

“這不是你家嗎?”

她猛然站住。

“你這是怎麼了?”

“我快要死了,”她焦躁的說,隨即又補充:“死不了的,你看,只是突然有點不舒服。”

這症狀每隔幾日來一次,有時一日來幾次。母親盤問不出來,失了眠,便幻聽到樓上有男性腳步聲,來回走幾趟消失了。

*

又過去兩年,風平浪靜。母親吃了往日好用強的虧,在老年生活中落了單,被一個練功團隊召去,每日傍晚大力鼓掌。一日用力過猛,頓悟,這世道原來是吃人世道,從此便難清醒。她又偏偏是無神論出身,因此能在表象上自控,一時使外人不能察覺。只是那瘋癲像肥肉,時常勾引著她心甘情願地走,一不朝前走,便如萬蟻鑽心。

2015年11月18日 星期三

生火

一團火
屋子裡的火
髒了的衣服 舊了的書 寫滿的紙頭
燒了
燉著湯鍋
跳著的兔子 情人的手
碎的剁的香料
燒
鍋裡的 鍋外的
留下的 化灰的
不要丟錯。

2015年11月13日 星期五

《鳥看見我了》阿乙

意外殺人事件

他心裡有個陰險的秘密,就是像搬運工將最後幾件貨物亂拋亂丟,小學生將最後幾個生字亂寫亂畫,他要將剩下的生命在這裡胡亂消耗掉。他拉開閘,讓烈酒燃燒內臟,濕氣像毒針一樣鑽進脊椎,他發明了這個笨拙的自殺辦法,在四十二歲駝背,咳喘,白髮蒼蒼。

巴哈

女人跟蹤到第八次時,興趣索然。她沒有跟上去,她去農業銀行排隊,大約一小時後輪到她了,她把存摺塞進去,說:今天是十五號,我想知道工資打到帳裡沒有?儲蓄員把存摺放進印表機裡,出來後顯示巴禮柯本月的退休工資一分不少地打了進來。生活就這樣了,人會變得不可思議,錢不會。

2015年11月7日 星期六

《酒徒》劉以鬯

銅鑼灣的燈。紅的。綠的。於是想起一則虛構的故事:一個潦倒的文人忽然被一個有錢的姨太太愛上了。他似乎獲得了一切,很快樂。這快樂等於肥皂泡,因為他已失去一切。香港人的快樂都是紙紮的;但是大家都願意將紙紮的愛情當作真實。上帝住在什麼地方,那被人稱作地獄的所在何以會有這麼多的笑聲?

2015年11月6日 星期五

《On the Move》Oliver Sacks

My Mother, a surgeon and anatomist, while accepting that I was too clumsy to follow in her footsteps as a surgeon, expected me at least to excel in anatomy at Oxford.  We dissected bodies and attended lectures and, a couple of years later, had to sit for a final anatomy exam.  When the results were posted, I saw that I was ranked one from bottom in the class.  I dreaded my mother's reaction and decided that, in the circumstances, a few drinks were called for.  I made my way to a favorite pub, the White Horse in Broad Street, where I drank four or five pints of hard cider - stronger than most beer and cheaper too.

Rolling out of the While Horse, liquored up, I was seized by a mad and impudent idea.  I would try to compensate for my abysmal performance in the anatomy finals by having a go at a very prestigious university price - the Theodore Williams Scholarship in Human Anatomy.  The exam had already started, but I lurched in, drunkenly bold, sat down at a vacant desk, and looked at the exam paper.

There were seven questions to be answered; I pounced on one ("Does structural differentiation imply functional differentiation?") and wrote nonstop for two hours on the subject, bringing in whatever zoological and botanical knowledge I could muster to flesh out the discussion.  Then I left, an hour before the exam ended, ignoring the other six questions.

The results were in The Times that weekend; I, Oliver Wolf Sacks, had won the prize.  Everyone was dumbfounded.

-

"Travel now by all means - if you have the time.  But travel the right way, the way I travel.  I am always reading and thinking of the history and geography of a place.  I see its people in terms of these, placed in the social framework of time and space.  Take the prairies, for example; you are wasting your time visiting these unless you know the saga of the homesteaders, the influence of law and religion at different times, the economic problems, the difficulties of communication, and the effects of successive mineral finds."

-

Those early morning rides were about feeling intensely alive, feeling the air on one's face, the wind on one's body, in a way only given to motorcycle riders.  Those morning have an almost intolerable sweetness in memory, and nostalgic images of them are instantly provoked by the smell of eucalyptus.

-

Sunday Migrant

Another patient at the headache clinic was a young mathematician who also had Sunday migraines.  He would start to get nervous and irritable on Wednesday, and this would become worse by Thursday; by Friday, he could not work.  On Saturday he felt tormented, and on Sunday he would have a terrible migraine.  But then, towards the afternoon, the migraine would melt away.  Sometimes as a migraine disappears, the person may break out in a gentle sweat or pass pints of pale urine; it is almost as if there is a catharsis at both physiological and emotional levels.  As the migraine and the tension drained out of this man, he would feel himself refreshed and renewed, calm and creative, and on Sunday evening, Monday and Tuesday he did highly original work in mathematics.  Then he would start getting irritable again.

When I gave this man medication and cured him of his migraines, I also cured him of his mathematics, disrupting this strange weekly cycle of illness and misery followed by a transcendent sort of health and creativity.

-

A large group of people have same disease, colour blind, sleeping syndrome.

-

Early in the summer of 1994, I was adopted by a stray cat.  I got back from the city one evening, and there she was, sitting sedately on my porch.  I went into the house and brought out a saucer of milk; she lapped thirstily.  Then she looked at me, a look that said, "Thanks, buddy, but I'm hungry, too."

... it was only when I had settled myself on the sofa by the window that the cat, lying parallel to me, now started to eat her supper as I ate mine.  So we ate together, in synchrony.  I found this ritual, which was to be repeated every evening, remarkable.  I think we both had a feeling of companionship - which one might expect with a dog but rarely with cat.  The cat liked to be with me; she would even, after a few days, walk down to the beach with me and sit next to me on a bench there.

-

However much the actors immerse themselves, identify, they are merely playing the part of a patient; Lillian has to be one for the rest of her life.  They can slip out of their roles, she cannot.  How does she feel about this? (How do I feel about Robin playing me? A temporary role for him, but lifelong for me.)

As Bob is wheeled i and takes up the frozen, dystonic posture of Leonard L., Lillian T., herself frozen, cocks and alert and critical eye.  How does Bob, acting frozen, feel about Lillian, scarcely a yard away, actually so?  And how does she, actually so, feel about him,, acting so?  She has just given me a wink, and a barely perceptible thumbs-up sign, meaning, "He's okay-he's got it! He really knows what it's like."

-

There were families he had treated for several generations, and he sometimes startled a young patient by saying, "Your great-grandfather had a very similar problem in 1919."  He knew the human, the inward side of his patients no less than their bodies and felt he could not treat one without the other.  (Indeed, it was often remarked that he knew the insides of his patients' refrigerators as well as the insides of their bodies.)

-

Mind map.  When brain damage can forget the link between things but the memory might still be there.  They might not answer the question but will make accurate answer when guess. (where was the president killed)

-

I had read proofs of Billy's book The Anatomist and admired it.  I wrote to him and suggested that we might meet if he found himself on the East Coast (which he did, on a visit to New York in September of 2008). I liked his thinking, which was both serious and playful, his sensitivity to the feelings of others, and his combination of forthrightness and delicacy.  It was a new experience for me to lie quietly in someone's arms and talk, or listen to music, or be silent, together.  We learned to cook and eat proper meals together; I had more or less lived on cereal up to this point, or sardines, which I would eat out of the tin, standing up, in thirty seconds.  We started to go out together - sometimes to concerts (which I favored), sometimes to art galleries (which he favored), and often to the New York Botanical Garden, which I had traipsed around, alone, for more than forty years.  And we started to travel together: to my city, London, where I introduced him to friends and family; to his city, San Francisco, where he has many friends; and to Iceland, for which we both have a passion.

We often swim together, at home or aboard.  We sometimes read our works in progress to each other, but mostly, like any other couple, we talk about what we are reading, we watch old movies on television, we watch the sunset together or share sandwich for lunch.  We have a tranquil, many-dimensional sharing of lives - a great an unexpected gift in my old age, after a lifetime of keeping at a distance.

2015年10月11日 星期日

《Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life》Nick Lane

貝德福德扁形蟲這種海扁蟲會在交配時投入精子戰爭,從牠們身上就可以看到狀況會有多棘手。牠們擁有兩條陰莖,並會利用它們來“鬥劍”,試圖將牠們德精子沾到彼此身上,同時避免讓自己受精。牠們射出的精子會將接受者的表皮燒穿一個洞,這個洞有時大到足以將失敗的接受者撕成兩半。問題在於,扁蟲都想要當雄性。按照定義,雌性必然會對後代付出較多的投資,這就表示如果個體能成功地讓其他個體受精,並避免讓自己受精,牠就能傳下較多的基因。這就等於自由地到處散播精子,但卻不必懷孕。佛洛依德說的陽具羨妒不只是心理學而已。根據比利時演化學家米契爾斯所言,通常全體物種都會採用雄性的生殖策略,也就是散播精子,因此才會出現用陽具鬥劍的扁蟲這種怪異的交配衝突。區分出不同的性別便提供了一條活路,讓生物得以脫離這個陷阱。雌性和雄性對於何時交配,跟誰交配,都有自己的想法;雄性往往會比較積極,雌性則是比較挑剔。結局是一場演化的軍武競賽,而任一性別都會影響另一方的適應性改變,防制一些較荒誕的交配策略。根據經驗法則,如果找到交配對象的機會很小時,雌雄同體的生活方式就可以順利運作,例如在密度低,或是固著不動的群組裡(這解釋了為什麼許多植物都是雌雄同體),而兩性分立則會在高密度或是機動性強的族群裡發展起來。