Death in the Afternoon - Hemingway

There is no sure sign by which bravery may be determined although there are many indications of probable cowardice. 32

In the early days of bullfighting bulls were allowed to be fought which had been in the right before and so many men were killed in the bull ring that on 20th November 1567, Pope Pius the Fifth issued a Papal edict excommunicating all Christian princes who should permit bull-fights in their countries and denying Christian burial to any person killed in the bull ring. The Church only agreed to tolerate bullfighting, which continued steadily in Spain in spite of the edict, when it was agreed that the bulls should only appear once in the ring. 27